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The Daily Insight

What is UPC and how do retailers use it?

Author

James Craig

Published Mar 16, 2026

It consists of two parts – the machine-readable barcode, which is a series of unique black bars, and the unique 12-digit number beneath it. The purpose of UPCs is to make it easy to identify product features, such as the brand name, item, size, and color, when an item is scanned at checkout.

What does the UPC code tell you?

‘UPC’ stands for Universal Product Code, a unique 12-digit number assigned to retail merchandise that identifies both the product and the vendor that sells the product.

What is the difference between a UPC and a SKU?

SKU numbers are unique to individual retailers, whereas UPC barcodes are used universally and remain constant for a product no matter which retailer is selling it. Another difference between SKU numbers and UPC barcodes is that SKU codes are alphanumeric, while UPC barcodes are numeric.

How do you get a UPC code?

A typical process of obtaining a 12-digit UPC number is as follows:

  1. License a unique Company Prefix from your local GS1 office.
  2. Assign product number(s) to unique products making your number equal 11 digits.
  3. Using a check digit calculator with your 11 digit number, generate your check digit.

How does a UPC code work?

The 12-digit UPC code is made up of three groups of numbers with different purposes. In a product UPC, the first six numbers indicate the manufacturer, the next five digits are an item number, and the final number is the check digit. Every item that the manufacturer sells will start with this number.

Is a UPC code required by law?

Marking a product with a UPC barcode is not a legal requirement. It is a trading partner requirement, which means the company who is requiring a UPC barcode symbol on items being sold is responsible for ensuring UPC compliance.

Can a UPC code tell you where something was purchased?

In most cases a bar code does not provide information concerning where a product was purchased. The most common bar code is the UPC code, found on all packaged goods at grocery stores. It only identifies the product (first five digits) and the company (second five digits).

Can two products have same UPC?

It also means that the UPC is not unique to a store. If two companies are selling the same item, those items will have different SKUs, but the same UPC. Next, there’s the serial number. Serial numbers are unique to each specific product and are most frequently used for electronics.

Can 2 products have the same barcode?

The answer to this is also YES. Although the manufacturer may have one barcode for the product, the reseller (retailer) may put their OWN barcode on the product, thus having the same product with 2 separate barcodes.

Can I sell my UPC code?

If however you mean you bought 10K worth of barcodes from another company which bought the codes from GS1 (before the name change) then you cannot resell or lease them. That is illegal. Only companies who bought them directly from GS1 before the name change can resell them.

What is the difference between a barcode and a UPC code?

The UPC on a product typically appears adjacent to its bar code, the machine-readable representation of the UPC. A barcode (also bar code) is an optical machine-readable representation of the UPC 12-digit number that can be reproduced onto merchandise and retail products.

Can Walmart tell if an item was purchased?

Originally Answered: Can Walmart tell if an item is purchased there? Yes they can their system is now set up that way, their system gives the following information how many are in the store how many are were sold and the last time the item was purchased in their store.

What is full form of UPC?

The Universal Product Code (UPC; redundantly: UPC code) is a barcode symbology that is widely used worldwide for tracking trade items in stores.

Can a barcode be traced?

Tracking bar codes can be accomplished through reading by an optical scan or special image scan. To track bar codes, decoding software such as the Barcode Scanner application from Brothersoft.com has to be used.

Is a UPC code unique?

The UPC number is the twelve-digit number that runs along the bottom of the barcode and, as the name implies, is a universal number. It also means that the UPC is not unique to a store. If two companies are selling the same item, those items will have different SKUs, but the same UPC.

Can I use someone else’s UPC code?

you can buy UPC codes and use them, there are many posts on here about UPC codes and where to buy them. Yes, the listing must match, in all respects, exactly.

What is a barcode worth?

Bar-codes not in GS1 database are moot and serve little to no value in any retail environment. Anyone re-selling their bar-codes attached to their company prefix within the GS1 database is against the law.

What does R mean On Walmart receipt?

R = Tax 1 & 6. S = Tax 1 & 7. Sales Tax Rates: Tax 1 = General Merchandise Rate. Tax 2 = Food Rate.