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The Daily Insight

What happens to my 401k if I leave USA?

Author

James Craig

Published Mar 29, 2026

Even if you are returning to your home country, you can choose to leave your 401(k) with your employer in the US until you reach the age of 59 ½. In addition, if your employer decides to terminate the plan, you’ll have either withdraw the funds or rollover the funds to an individual retirement account (IRA).

When you leave your employer and return to your home country, you can also cash out your 401(k). But if you do are not 59 ½, the withdrawal will be taxable and you may be subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty on the distribution.

Can you transfer your 401k to another country?

If you do choose to transfer funds from a U.S. Qualified Plan to a foreign retirement plan, it will be neither be tax free nor will it count as a qualified rollover. This means moving your 401(k) to an international fund will result in U.S. tax liability and possibly the 10% penalty for an early withdrawal.

What happens to my 401k when I leave the US?

When you leave the United States, it’s easier to move your belongings and cash accounts than it is to tap into your 401k plan if you’re under age 59 1/2. Even though you’re leaving the country, IRS tax rules will follow your plan wherever you go.

Can a former employee withdraw money from a 401k plan?

Required distributions for some former employees. A 401(k) plan may have a provision in its plan documents to close the account of a former employee who have low account balances. Almost 90% of 401(k) plans have such a provision.

How old do you have to be to take money out of your 401k?

Not all brokers keep your 401k account active if they are not living in the US. If they do leave it active, you can leave it here and start withdrawing at age 59.5. You can withdraw the money when leaving and pay taxes + 10% early withdrawal fee. You can transfer it to an IRA account before leaving.

Can a 401k be rolled over to an IRA in Canada?

The treaty rate ranges from zero to 30%. Once you have rolled your 401 (k) into an IRA, you may also choose to transfer the IRA funds to a retirement account in your home country. For example, Canadian citizens can roll over their U.S. IRA plans to a Canadian RRSP (Registered Retirement Savings Plan).