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The Daily Insight

Are water rights separate from land?

Author

Emma Jordan

Published Feb 27, 2026

Water rights are appurtenant, meaning they run with the land and not to the owner. If an oceanfront property is sold, the new owner gains the littoral rights and the seller relinquishes their rights.

Do I own the water under my land?

Who owns the water in the province? In Alberta, just as in other Canadian provinces, the provincial government owns all water in the province. The province asserts this ownership right under the Water Act. It does not matter if the water is located on private land or public land, the government owns it.

Do farmers have a right to the water in the aquifer under their land?

Under the common law there is no property in water percolating through the sub-soil until it has been the object of an appropriation. In other words, groundwater is deemed to have the same legal status as surface water.

What are deeded water rights?

A water right is a conveyance in real property, generally conveyed in the same manner (see CRS 38-30-102). For deeded water rights you want to verify title in the seller with the ditch company’s records (or records of the managing entity – irrigation district, water company, etc.)

Is water a movable property?

There is indeed a paradox: flowing water is immovable property, still water is movable property; in much the same way, the double tax treaty definition of immovable property includes livestock, while dead cattle are movable property.

Do I own my well water?

Generally, homeowners may use ground water from their wells for any “reasonable use” that does not impact neighboring property conditions. An individual receiving water from a utility may not be able to purchase and store (i.e., “own”) all the water they desire.

How do I test my land for water?

The most reliable method of obtaining the depth to the water table at any given time is to measure the water level in a shallow well with a tape. If no wells are available, surface geophysical methods can sometimes be used, depending on surface accessibility for placing electric or acoustic probes.

What is the difference between riparian water rights and prior appropriation water rights?

* A riparian right is not lost by non-use. Prior Appropriation: An appropriative right depends upon continued use of the water and may be lost through non-use. Unlike riparian rights, these rights can generally be sold or transferred, and long-term storage is not only permissible but common.

What are the rights of the owner of the land?

The owner of property on which the standing water sits has complete and exclusive rights to use it. Problems arise when, as is often the case, standing water is harmful to land because it floods crops or otherwise interferes with the owner’s use and enjoyment of the land.

Do you own water rights on your property?

In western states, a property’s water rights can have a direct bearing on its sale or purchase. In truth, while you may own a right to use the water associated with your land you might not actually possess traditional property ownership over it.

How are water rights related to real estate transactions?

Western states even allow rights to water in the land to be sold separately, though riparian water rights can’t be sold separate from the land. In real estate, whether or not you own the right to your land’s water depends on where you live.

What are the legal rights to ground water?

Just as with watercourse water, there is a split among jurisdictions, mostly based on geographical lines, as to how to deal with the ownership of, and rights to, ground water. The majority rule is to allow each property owner “reasonable use” of the ground water beneath his or her property.